Which process involves the body breaking down and converting medication into other chemical substances?

Metabolism is the process where the body chemically alters medications, breaking them down into different substances, often referred to as metabolites. This conversion can either activate a drug or prepare it for elimination from the body. Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, where enzymes modify the drug, making it more water-soluble and easier to excrete.

Understanding this concept is crucial because metabolism can significantly influence a drug's efficacy and safety profile. Factors such as age, genetics, and concurrent medications can affect how quickly or effectively a drug is metabolized, which is vital for determining dosing and identifying potential drug interactions.